4.+Detente

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 * [[file:Detente.ppt]]will be the next phase of the relationship between the two superpowers during the period we refer to as the 'Cold War'.**
 * Complete the question sheet after reviewing the CNN segment with regard to the 'relaxing' of tensions between the Soviet Union and the United States.**
 * Khrushchev will be replaced by Leonid Brezhnev as General Secretary of the Soviet Union, in 1964. Surprisingly, it was Brezhnev who pursued a relaxation of tension between the USSR and the USA.**
 * While the United States is busy using 'backdoor' diplomacy to open up diplomatic channels with China, West Germany is emerging out of the shadow of World War Two under the leadership of Chancellor Willy Brandt. This 'Ostpolitik' ('east' politics) is the opportunity to create a European detente with the Soviet Union. Answer the following questions with regard to the videomedia type="youtube" key="s6qd1Ai3yXw" width="420" height="315"**


 * SALT I was the most significant arms control agreement, signed in 1972. It covered three areas:**
 * THE ABM Treaty where ABMs were allowed at only two sites, containing no more than 100 missiles. This limitation ensured the continued emphasis on MAD and served as a deterrence for nuclear war. [[file:Lesson_4_-_SALT.pptx]]**
 * The Interim Treaty placed limits on the numbers of ICBMs and SLBMs and the Basic Principles Agreement laid down the rules for conduct of nuclear war and development of weapons and committed the two sides to work together to prevent conflict and promote peaceful co-existence.**
 * (20th Century Cold War, Jo Thomas and Keely Rogers)**
 * History of Nuclear War Treaties: [[file:DP History II History of Nuclear Treaties-2-1.doc]] Presentations due Monday, January 6, 2014**

As the 1970's began, President Richard Nixon began to deal with Cold War concerns in a new manner. Nixon and his Secretary of State, Henry Kissinger, sought to ease tensions between the U.S. and the Soviet Union, and also opened up relations between the U.S. and China. By May of 1972, Nixon had become the first president since World War Two to visit both nations and also enter into negotiations with Chinese and Russian leaders. Read the following interview with Henry and answer the questions based on this source: Worksheet questions: [|Detente Student Worksheet]
 * Nixon's Foreign Policy of Detente [[image:isnibhistory2/nixonmao.jpg width="189" height="162"]]**


 * CNN's Freeze, 1977-1988media type="youtube" key="POwIGFHV3Pw" width="560" height="315"**

The question of human rights is raised by the United States in the mid 1970's. The Soviets want to guarantee their country's security with a treaty signed in Helsinki would give international recognition to the post-war division between East and West Europe. Will USA and USSR relations be in jeopardy over these issues?

The Decline of Detente After the resignation of Richard Nixon(following the Watergate scandal), and the defeat of Gerald Ford, a new President resides in the White House. Jimmy Carter will win the Democratic nomination and eventually the Presidency in 1976. However, the relationship with Moscow will continue to be uneasy and will fall rapidly with the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in December, 1979.

Case studies are useful when trying to understand situations and events and put them into context. How should governments react when an event happens for which there are no clear guidelines? Case studies provide scenarios which help us appreciate why things happen the way they do. Case Studies 2017:

**What was the purpose of Detente?**
In order to understand the role detente played in the Cold War, it helps to view the issue from at least two points of view. Read the following essay: 'Was Detente a Success?' and under each of these statements, a) 'Yes, Detente was a success because it reduced tensions and helped to end the Cold War' and b) 'No, detente was a failure because the United States and the Soviet Union never agree on its fundamental meaning', identify the arguments presented. http://niamhnevilleib.weebly.com/was-deacutetente-a-success-or-failure.html
 * Detente was never intended to end the arms race, nor to internally reform the Soviet Union or to prevent Soviet-American rivalries. Detente's main purpose was to take a 'dangerous situation' and turn it into a 'predictable situation'. And, arguably, the situation between the United States and the Soviet Union 'cooled down' during the 1960's and 1970's.**

The number of nuclear warheads per country (of those with nuclear capacity) is a closely guarded secret, but the Federation of American Scientists, want to keep the public updated: current number- 19,000 worldwide. [|NukeStatus]